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Plan séquence - Pandémie : Friture, déconfiture, puis régime

lundi 6 juillet 2020

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DE TOUS POUR UN À CHACUN POUR SOI

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Durant la crise de la Covid-19, le secteur de l'assurance s'est retrouvé sous le feu des critiques. En cause, l'épineux dossier de la perte d'exploitation sans dommages. Le front uni des assureurs affiché au début de la crise s'est peu à peu fissuré, avant que Bercy ne reprenne la main et invite l'assurance à réfléchir à la création d'un régime visant à couvrir au mieux de nouvelles crises.

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Par Florian Delambily

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Dans les premiers jours du confinement, la question de la perte d'exploitation semblait réglée. Le message de la FFA était limpide : « Les pertes d’exploitation des entreprises françaises dues au confinement vont sans doute se chiffrer à des dizaines de milliards d’euros, somme qu’aucun acteur à part l’Etat ne peut supporter seul. C’est pour cette raison que l’assurance n’intervient jamais en cas d’épidémie, de révolution ou de guerre car les conséquences de tels événements sont tout simplement hors de portée », résumait Florence Lustman, le 2 avril, dans une tribune.

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Plusieurs poids lourds du secteur soutenaient d'ailleurs cette position. A commencer par l'un des vice-présidents de la FFA, Jean-Laurent Granier, par ailleurs PDG de Generali France : « 50 milliards d’euros est effectivement de l’ordre de ce que représentent les pertes d’exploitation dans cette période de risque systémique. Cela représente aussi l’équivalent des fonds propres de l’ensemble des assureurs dommages dans ce pays. Cela veut dire que si une telle contribution était demandée, tous les fonds propres seraient consommés et il n’y aurait plus d’assureurs dommages ».

L'Eiopa et l'ACPR ont également appelé à la vigilance sur la tentation de solliciter le secteur de l'assurance au-delà des dispositions contractuelles. Tout le secteur semblait alors faire corps face aux injonctions des fédérations professionnelles représentant les entreprises. Pour montrer les difficultés de relations entre les différentes parties sur ce sujet épineux, nous avons imaginé une conversation entre chefs d'entreprise, assureurs et pouvoirs publics. La discussion est évidemment fictive, mais toutes les citations ont bel et bien été prononcées.

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"L’attitude des assurances dans cette crise nous interroge beaucoup. Où sont-elles ?" Roland Héguy, président UMIH, 19 mars

"Ce dont nous avons besoin, c’est d’un décret de catastrophe naturelle sanitaire ou d’un dispositif législatif (…) permettant l’indemnisation de nos pertes d’exploitation" Eric Frechon, chef étoilé, le 23 mars

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"Nous faisons déjà beaucoup car nous avons bien conscience des difficultés en particulier pour les professionnels indépendants et les TPE". Stéphane Dessirier, directeur général de Macsf, le 2 avril

"Les membres de la FFA s’engagent à contribuer à hauteur de 200 millions d’euros au Fonds de solidarité mis en place par les pouvoirs publics en faveur des TPE et des indépendants" Fédération Française de l'Assurance, le 23 mars

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"C’est un premier pas encourageant. Évidemment, les assureurs peuvent mieux faire, mais pour l’heure, ils n’ont pas de visibilité sur la durée et l’ampleur du phénomène". Valéria Faure-Muntian, députée LREM de la Loire, le 30 mars

"Nous allons faire en sorte qu’ils [les assureurs, ndlr] s’associent dans la durée à ses efforts. En allant au-delà" Edouard Philippe, Premier ministre, le 1er avril

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"J'appelle les assureurs à une lecture aussi large que possible des contrats". Agnès Pannier-Runacher, secrétaire d'Etat, le 18 mars

"L’impact pour l’assurance se chiffre déjà à plus de 3 milliards d’euros. Les pertes d’exploitation des entreprises françaises dues au confinement vont sans doute se chiffrer à des dizaines de milliards d’euros, somme qu’aucun acteur à part l’Etat ne peut supporter seul" Florence Lustman, présidente de la FFA, le 2 avril

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6"][vc_single_image image="1278619" img_size="full"][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6"][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row extend="false" rtl_reverse="" css_animation="" bg_type="image" bg_grad="" bg_color_value="" parallax_style="vcpb-vz-jquery" bg_image_new="id^993434|url^https://d1p2aimeyx6kdr.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/02154403/texture_brique_bleu.jpg|caption^null|alt^null|title^texture_brique_bleu|description^null" layer_image="" bg_image_repeat="" bg_image_size="initial" bg_cstm_size="" bg_img_attach="" parallax_sense="30" bg_image_posiiton="" animation_direction="" animation_repeat="" video_url="" video_url_2="" u_video_url="" video_opts="" video_poster="" u_start_time="" u_stop_time="" viewport_vdo="" enable_controls="" controls_color="" bg_override="" disable_on_mobile_img_parallax="" parallax_content="" parallax_content_sense="" fadeout_row="" fadeout_start_effect="" enable_overlay="" overlay_color="" overlay_pattern="" overlay_pattern_opacity="" overlay_pattern_size="" overlay_pattern_attachment="" multi_color_overlay="" multi_color_overlay_opacity="" seperator_enable="" seperator_type="" seperator_position="" seperator_shape_size="" seperator_svg_height="" seperator_shape_background="" seperator_shape_border="" seperator_shape_border_color="" seperator_shape_border_width="" icon_type="" icon="" icon_size="" icon_color="" icon_style="" icon_color_bg="" icon_border_style="" icon_color_border="" icon_border_size="" icon_border_radius="" icon_border_spacing="" icon_img="" img_width="" ult_hide_row="" ult_hide_row_large_screen="" ult_hide_row_desktop="" ult_hide_row_tablet="" ult_hide_row_tablet_small="" ult_hide_row_mobile="" ult_hide_row_mobile_large="" notification="" full_width="stretch_row" equal_height="" content_placement="" design__empty_1="" full_height="" columns_placement="top" background="" background_image_type="static" background_image__effect="" bg_size="initial" bg_position="center-center" row_bg_image="" bg_repeat="no-repeat" background_image_type__bg_color="rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)" row_bg_parallax_images="" row_bg_slideshow_images="" background_video_type="youtube" background_video__youtube__url="" background_video__youtube__parallax="" background_video__youtube__options="" background_video__youtube__fallback_image="" background_video__hosted__mp4="" background_video__hosted__webm="" background_video__hosted__ogv="" background_video__hosted__parallax="" background_video__hosted__options="" background_video__hosted__fallback_image="" background_color_type="color" bg__empty_1="" background_color_type__gradient_color1="rgba(44, 74, 228, 1)" background_color_type__gradient_color2="rgba(44, 74, 228, 1)" background_color_type__color_color1="rgba(44, 74, 228, 1)" bg__empty_2="" background_color__effect="" background_color__direction="left-to-right" parallax="" parallax_speed_bg="1.5" parallax_image="" video_bg="" video_bg_url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMJXxhRFO1k" video_bg_parallax="" el_id="" gap="0" disable_element="" settings__tag_1="" viewport_lg="" viewport_md="" viewport_sm="" viewport_xs="" settings__empty_1="" el_class="" version="1" css=""][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6"][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6" css=".vc_custom_1586242691972{border-radius: 1px !important;}" el_class="" version="1"][vc_single_image image="1278621" img_size="full"][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="2/3"][vc_column_text css=".vc_custom_1594029783653{margin-right: 1px !important;margin-left: 1px !important;background-color: #e8e8e8 !important;border-radius: 10px !important;}"]

"50 milliards d’euros est effectivement de l’ordre de ce que représentent les pertes d’exploitation dans cette période de risque systémique. Cela représente aussi l’équivalent des fonds propres de l’ensemble des assureurs dommages dans ce pays. Cela veut dire que si une telle contribution était demandée, tous les fonds propres seraient consommés et il n’y aurait plus d’assureurs dommages". Jean-Laurent Granier, PDG de Generali France, le 2 avril

"Il est trop facile de la part des assureurs de botter en touche. Je n'ai jamais vu de profession qui se dédouane aussi rapidement". Philippe Korcia, président du Medef-13, le 6 avril

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6"][vc_single_image image="1278624" img_size="full"][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6"][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row extend="false" rtl_reverse="" css_animation="" bg_type="image" bg_grad="" bg_color_value="" parallax_style="vcpb-vz-jquery" bg_image_new="id^993434|url^https://d1p2aimeyx6kdr.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/02154403/texture_brique_bleu.jpg|caption^null|alt^null|title^texture_brique_bleu|description^null" layer_image="" bg_image_repeat="" bg_image_size="initial" bg_cstm_size="" bg_img_attach="" parallax_sense="30" bg_image_posiiton="" animation_direction="" animation_repeat="" video_url="" video_url_2="" u_video_url="" video_opts="" video_poster="" u_start_time="" u_stop_time="" viewport_vdo="" enable_controls="" controls_color="" bg_override="" disable_on_mobile_img_parallax="" parallax_content="" parallax_content_sense="" fadeout_row="" fadeout_start_effect="" enable_overlay="" overlay_color="" overlay_pattern="" overlay_pattern_opacity="" overlay_pattern_size="" overlay_pattern_attachment="" multi_color_overlay="" multi_color_overlay_opacity="" seperator_enable="" seperator_type="" seperator_position="" seperator_shape_size="" seperator_svg_height="" seperator_shape_background="" seperator_shape_border="" seperator_shape_border_color="" seperator_shape_border_width="" icon_type="" icon="" icon_size="" icon_color="" icon_style="" icon_color_bg="" icon_border_style="" icon_color_border="" icon_border_size="" icon_border_radius="" icon_border_spacing="" icon_img="" img_width="" ult_hide_row="" ult_hide_row_large_screen="" ult_hide_row_desktop="" ult_hide_row_tablet="" ult_hide_row_tablet_small="" ult_hide_row_mobile="" ult_hide_row_mobile_large="" notification="" full_width="stretch_row" equal_height="" content_placement="" design__empty_1="" full_height="" columns_placement="top" background="" background_image_type="static" background_image__effect="" bg_size="initial" bg_position="center-center" row_bg_image="" bg_repeat="no-repeat" background_image_type__bg_color="rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)" row_bg_parallax_images="" row_bg_slideshow_images="" background_video_type="youtube" background_video__youtube__url="" background_video__youtube__parallax="" background_video__youtube__options="" background_video__youtube__fallback_image="" background_video__hosted__mp4="" background_video__hosted__webm="" background_video__hosted__ogv="" background_video__hosted__parallax="" background_video__hosted__options="" background_video__hosted__fallback_image="" background_color_type="color" bg__empty_1="" background_color_type__gradient_color1="rgba(44, 74, 228, 1)" background_color_type__gradient_color2="rgba(44, 74, 228, 1)" background_color_type__color_color1="rgba(44, 74, 228, 1)" bg__empty_2="" background_color__effect="" background_color__direction="left-to-right" parallax="" parallax_speed_bg="1.5" parallax_image="" video_bg="" video_bg_url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMJXxhRFO1k" video_bg_parallax="" el_id="" gap="0" disable_element="" settings__tag_1="" viewport_lg="" viewport_md="" viewport_sm="" viewport_xs="" settings__empty_1="" el_class="" version="1" css=""][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6"][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6" css=".vc_custom_1586242691972{border-radius: 1px !important;}" el_class="" version="1"][vc_single_image image="1278616" img_size="full"][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="2/3"][vc_column_text css=".vc_custom_1594029770164{margin-right: 1px !important;margin-left: 1px !important;background-color: #e8e8e8 !important;border-radius: 10px !important;}"]

"Pour l'instant, les contrats ne prévoient pas le remboursement des pertes d'exploitation en cas de pandémie". Edouard Philippe, Premier ministre, le 1er avril

"La perte d’exploitation sans dommage représente un très faible niveau de primes d’assurance. Ouvrir les vannes pourrait mettre en péril un certain nombre d’assureurs. Et avec eux, par effet de chaîne, les réassureurs". Source anonyme, le 19 mars

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6"][vc_single_image image="1278625" img_size="full"][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6"][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row extend="false" rtl_reverse="" css_animation="" bg_type="image" bg_grad="" bg_color_value="" parallax_style="vcpb-vz-jquery" bg_image_new="id^993434|url^https://d1p2aimeyx6kdr.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/02154403/texture_brique_bleu.jpg|caption^null|alt^null|title^texture_brique_bleu|description^null" layer_image="" bg_image_repeat="" bg_image_size="initial" bg_cstm_size="" bg_img_attach="" parallax_sense="30" bg_image_posiiton="" animation_direction="" animation_repeat="" video_url="" video_url_2="" u_video_url="" video_opts="" video_poster="" u_start_time="" u_stop_time="" viewport_vdo="" enable_controls="" controls_color="" bg_override="" disable_on_mobile_img_parallax="" parallax_content="" parallax_content_sense="" fadeout_row="" fadeout_start_effect="" enable_overlay="" overlay_color="" overlay_pattern="" overlay_pattern_opacity="" overlay_pattern_size="" overlay_pattern_attachment="" multi_color_overlay="" multi_color_overlay_opacity="" seperator_enable="" seperator_type="" seperator_position="" seperator_shape_size="" seperator_svg_height="" seperator_shape_background="" seperator_shape_border="" seperator_shape_border_color="" seperator_shape_border_width="" icon_type="" icon="" icon_size="" icon_color="" icon_style="" icon_color_bg="" icon_border_style="" icon_color_border="" icon_border_size="" icon_border_radius="" icon_border_spacing="" icon_img="" img_width="" ult_hide_row="" ult_hide_row_large_screen="" ult_hide_row_desktop="" ult_hide_row_tablet="" ult_hide_row_tablet_small="" ult_hide_row_mobile="" ult_hide_row_mobile_large="" notification="" full_width="stretch_row" equal_height="" content_placement="" design__empty_1="" full_height="" columns_placement="top" background="" background_image_type="static" background_image__effect="" bg_size="initial" bg_position="center-center" row_bg_image="" bg_repeat="no-repeat" background_image_type__bg_color="rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)" row_bg_parallax_images="" row_bg_slideshow_images="" background_video_type="youtube" background_video__youtube__url="" background_video__youtube__parallax="" background_video__youtube__options="" background_video__youtube__fallback_image="" background_video__hosted__mp4="" background_video__hosted__webm="" background_video__hosted__ogv="" background_video__hosted__parallax="" background_video__hosted__options="" background_video__hosted__fallback_image="" background_color_type="color" bg__empty_1="" background_color_type__gradient_color1="rgba(44, 74, 228, 1)" background_color_type__gradient_color2="rgba(44, 74, 228, 1)" background_color_type__color_color1="rgba(44, 74, 228, 1)" bg__empty_2="" background_color__effect="" background_color__direction="left-to-right" parallax="" parallax_speed_bg="1.5" parallax_image="" video_bg="" video_bg_url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMJXxhRFO1k" video_bg_parallax="" el_id="" gap="0" disable_element="" settings__tag_1="" viewport_lg="" viewport_md="" viewport_sm="" viewport_xs="" settings__empty_1="" el_class="" version="1" css=""][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6"][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="1/6" css=".vc_custom_1586242691972{border-radius: 1px !important;}" el_class="" version="1"][vc_single_image image="1278611" img_size="full"][/vc_column][vc_column extend="false" width="2/3"][vc_column_text css=".vc_custom_1594029758132{margin-right: 1px !important;margin-left: 1px !important;background-color: #e8e8e8 !important;border-radius: 10px !important;}"]

"Je rappelle que le confinement n’est pas un aléa. Cela relève d’une décision administrative et ne dépend plus du champ de l’assurance. Le secteur ne peut pas assumer financièrement la prise en charge de la perte d’exploitation sans dommages". Stéphane Dessirier, directeur général de la MACSF, le 2 avril

"L’imposition d’une couverture rétroactive des sinistres non prévus dans les contrats pourrait créer des risques de solvabilité importants". Eiopa, le 2 avril

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"Lorsque la couverture des pandémies et autres causes de sinistres n’est pas incluse dans les polices existantes ou reflétée dans le paiement des primes, obliger les assureurs à couvrir ces pertes de manière rétroactive pourrait gravement menacer la stabilité du secteur mondial de l’assurance". GFIA, le 6 avril

"Nous soutenons les entreprises en difficulté en les accompagnant au mieux dans leurs démarches et en reportant les cotisations. J’espère que ce ne seront que des difficultés passagères. Mais je crains que certaines entreprises ne s’en remettent pas". André Renaudin, directeur général d'AG2R La Mondiale

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"il nous semble inimaginable qu’une solution, quand bien même a minima, ne soit trouvée au niveau de la place". Bertrand de Surmont, président de Planète CSCA, le 23 mars

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LES POLÉMIQUES ÉCLATENT

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Affaire classée donc ! Pas du tout Car l'apparente unité de la fédération allait un nouvelle fois se fissurer à la faveur d'une communication du Crédit Mutuel. Puis les polémiques autour d'Axa et de restaurateurs vont s'enchaîner.

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Le 22 avril, les ACM annoncent par voie de communiqué qu'elles verseront une prime forfaitaire mutualiste à destination de leurs clients professionnels titulaires d’un contrat multirisques professionnels disposant d’une garantie perte d’exploitation. La sortie du bancassureur ne passe pas à la Fédération française de l'assurance.

Et ce d'autant plus que le contrat Acajou, concerné par la prime des ACM, couvrirait les pertes d'exploitation sans dommages survenues en cas de fermetures administratives d'un établissement s'insurgent plusieurs patrons du secteur.

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La réaction ne se fait pas attendre et la commission de déontologie de la FFA est saisie sur demande de deux des 3 vice-présidents de la FFA, à savoir Jean-Laurent Granier, PDG de Generali France et Thierry Martel, directeur général de Groupama. Par media interposé, la polémique enfle.

Le 24 avril, interrogé sur Radio Classique, président du Crédit Mutuel et du CIC répond aux critiques de la profession : « On va être très précis. L’article 29 des conditions générales du contrat exclut les dommages causés par les micro-organismes. Jusqu’à preuve du contraire, un virus c’est un micro-organisme, donc les dommages sont exclus de la garantie », avance-t-il. La lettre envoyée par le bancassureur à ses clients ne fait d'ailleurs aucune mention d'une quelconque renonciation à une garantie.

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DANS 4,1% DES CAS, LA COUVERTURE EST INCERTAINE

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Pour autant, le 25 avril, Agéa alerte l'ACPR sur les primes du Crédit Mutuel : « Même si la lettre, très subtile, du communiqué de ce groupe bancaire pour le compte de leur filiale assurantielle est précise sur cet aspect contractuel. Le discours commercial des conseillers clientèles n’est pas aussi subtil. Nous craignions que cette initiative entraine des actions équivalentes et préjudiciables d‘autres entreprises du secteur bancaire », écrit Patrick Evrard.

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La demande sera suivie d'effets, puisque le 7 mai l'ACPR entre dans la danse en annonçant le lancement d'une enquête. « En raison de la crise épidémique et de ses conséquences, un certain nombre de secteurs économiques connaissent des chutes d’activité importantes dont certaines pourraient être couvertes par des garanties de perte d’exploitation vendues par des assureurs », écrit l'autorité de contrôle.

Le message est clair. Les conditions générales des contrats vont être épluchées « dans le cadre de l’exercice de ses missions de supervision prudentielle et de suivi des pratiques commerciales », précise l'ACPR. Le régulateur rend ses conclusions le 23 juin. Sur les 220 contrats passés au crible, 93% ne couvrent pas la pandémie. Mais dans 4,1% des cas, la couverture est incertaine. L'ACPR appelle les assureurs à revoir la rédaction de leurs clauses.

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L'autorité de contrôle rappelle toutefois que sur la mise en œuvre des garanties d'un contrat, seul un juge est compétent. Et à ce petit jeu judiciaire, Axa va être servi.

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner extend="false" width="1/2"][vc_column_text css_animation="none" el_class="custom_paragraphe"]

L'assureur français va ainsi faire l'objet de multiples assignations en référé. La plus médiatique d'entre elle est sans conteste celle menée par Stéphane Manigold.

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L'AFFAIRE MANIGOLD EN DATES

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Stéphane Manigold, à la tête du groupe Eclore qui réunit quatre restaurants parisiens (La Maison Rostang, Substance, Contraste et Le Bistrot d’à côté Flaubert) assigne Axa en référé devant le tribunal de commerce de Paris.

[/vc_customtimeline][vc_customtimeline custom_timeline_date="22 mai 2020"]

Le tribunal de commerce de Paris condamne Axa France à indemniser le restaurateur au titre de sa garantie pertes d’exploitation. L’assureur a fait appel de la décision.

[/vc_customtimeline][vc_customtimeline custom_timeline_date="26 mai 2020"]

Sur RTL, la directeur général du groupe Axa, Thomas Buberl réagit à cette condamnation : « Je suis très confiant dans notre capacité à trouver une solution et je regrette que Stéphane Manigold ait choisi la voix judiciaire, j’aurais préféré le dialogue ».

[/vc_customtimeline][vc_customtimeline custom_timeline_date="23 juin 2020"]

Stéphane Manigold parvient à un accord avec Axa. La procédure judiciaire s'éteint. « J’ai estimé leur offre suffisante parce qu’on a rouvert au bout de trois mois, a tempéré M. Manigold. Elle n’est pas à la hauteur de ce que j’attendais, soyons clairs, mais maintenant que le déconfinement est là, il faut s’occuper de nos clients ». Le montant de la transaction n'a pas été révélé.

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L'assurance doit se mettre au régime

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Rapidement, l'idée de monter un régime spécial dédié aux pandémies se fait jour.

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Le premier à publiquement soulever cette hypothèse est Thomas Buberl, directeur général du groupe Axa. Dans une interview accordée au Journal du Dimanche le 5 avril, il déclare ainsi : « Axa est prêt à prendre l'initiative pour travailler avec l'État français et d'autres États européens afin de créer un régime d'assurance pandémie ». Il esquisse même les contours. Il s'agirait pour les assureurs de collecter des primes. Mises en réserves ces dernières serviraient à indemniser les entreprises touchées par une future pandémie. Le dirigeant imagine ainsi un régime géré à 50% par l'État et à 50% par les assureurs privés.

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Trouver la martingale ne sera pas chose aisée, car les sommes en jeu sont considérables.

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Pour la crise du Covid-19, la Fédération française de l'assurance a livré aux services de l'Etat un chiffrage du sinistre maximum possible.

En s’appuyant sur les 1.494Mds d’euros de marge brute dégagée par les entreprises en France, elle l’évalue à 120Mds d’euros le montant à indemniser pour supporter l'intégralité des pertes et des charges des entreprises contraintes de fermer boutique (voir le graphique ci-dessous).

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À UN DE CES QUATRE

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Le 22 avril, Bruno Le Maire, ministre de l'Économie et des Finances installe un groupe de travail sur les risques exceptionnels. Piloté par la Direction générale du Trésor, sa mission est simple : « contribuer à identifier des premières pistes concrètes, d’ici début juin, sur le développement d’une couverture assurantielle des évènements exceptionnels, tels que les pandémies, en faveur des entreprises ».

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Ce groupe de travail réunit des parlementaires, des représentants des entreprises et des assurances, ainsi que les services de l'Etat (voir sa composition dans l'infographie ci-dessous).

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Après 6 réunions, aucun consensus n'est trouvé parmi les différents protagonistes du groupe de travail parmi les différentes thématiques sur lesquelles il a planché à savoir : le champ d’intervention du dispositif, la cible des entreprises couvertes et les modalités de compensation, les modalités de couverture du risque ainsi que la typologie des contrats et des garanties sur lesquels le régime pourrait reposer et enfin, les modalités de partage des risques et de financement du régime...

Dans son introduction, le Trésor rappelle d'ailleurs que « ce rapport n’engage pas les membres du groupe de travail et n’exprime aucune position officielle. Son objectif n’est pas de proposer un dispositif complet, mais de refléter les échanges sur les sujets clés et les questions essentielles étudiées en vue d’établir un dispositif cohérent ». 4 scénarios sont ainsi proposés au Premier ministre et au ministre de l'Economie et des Finances.

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Scénario 1

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Couvrir le seul risque de pandémie

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Dans le projet de rapport que nous nous sommes procurés, 4 scénarios sont proposés par le groupe de travail. Le premier préconise la mise en place d’un régime couvrant la seule pandémie assis sur la garantie dommages aux biens.

Une extension obligatoire serait rattachée aux garanties dommages aux biens professionnels. Le régime entrerait en action après une décision de fermeture administrative d’établissement, de restriction de circulation ou encore de fermeture des frontières. Une indemnisation forfaitaire, assortie d’une franchise serait versée à toutes les entreprises implantées en France ayant subi une perte de chiffre d’affaires d’au moins 50%. Réassureurs privés et public, avec garantie de l’Etat participeraient au dispositif, « selon des modalités qui restent à déterminer », lit-on dans le rapport.

Péril couvert : la pandémie
Élément déclencheur : fermeture administrative, restriction de circulation, fermeture des frontières
Bénéficiaires : toutes les entreprises implantées en France
Assise assurantielle : extension obligatoire aux garanties dommages aux biens professionnels
Forme d’indemnisation : forfaitaire avec franchise dès perte de 50% au moins du chiffre d’affaires
Qui intervient : assureurs, réassureurs privés, CCR avec garantie de l’Etat.

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Scénario 2

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Ouvrir le régime à plusieurs périls

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Dans le second scénario, le régime couvrirait plusieurs périls. La couverture assurantielle prendrait alors la forme d’une extension obligatoire aux garanties pertes d’exploitation avec ou sans dommages. Les éléments déclencheurs seraient les mêmes que dans le 1er scénario, à savoir la fermeture administrative ou encore les restrictions de circulation. Une indemnisation forfaitaire serait déclenchée en cas de pandémie ou d’émeutes. « Une réflexion serait menée sur la manière dont d’autres périls (terrorisme, cataclysme naturel) pourraient être intégrés aux dispositifs existants (GAREAT, CATNAT) », ajoute le rapport.

Péril couvert : la pandémie, les émeutes
Elément déclencheur : fermeture administrative, restriction de circulation, fermeture des frontières
Bénéficiaires : toutes les entreprises implantées en France
Assise assurantielle : extension obligatoire aux garanties perte d’exploitations avec ou sans dommages
Forme d’indemnisation : forfaitaire avec franchise dès perte de 50% au moins du chiffre d’affaires
Qui intervient : assureurs, réassureurs privés, CCR avec garantie de l’Etat

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Scénario 3

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Couvrir tous les périls systémiques

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Le 3e scénario se veut plus inclusif. Il prévoirait ainsi de couvrir tous les périls considérés comme systémiques. Ce serait alors à une commission interministérielle de prendre la décision de faire jouer le régime, « si le péril et les mesures administratives concernés rentrent dans les définitions génériques posées par la loi, sur la base de critères objectifs qui devront être définis au niveau législatif », précise le groupe de travail.

Péril couvert : risque systémique
Elément déclencheur : décision administrative après évaluation d’une commission interministérielle
Assise assurantielle : extension obligatoire aux garanties perte d’exploitations avec ou sans dommages
Forme d’indemnisation : forfaitaire avec franchise dès perte de 50% au moins du chiffre d’affaires
Qui intervient : assureurs, CCR avec garantie de l’Etat

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Scénario 4

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Gestion individuelle du risque par les entreprises

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Dans le 4e scénario, ce serait aux entreprises de prendre en mains leurs propres risques. L’Etat interviendrait alors pour inciter les entreprises à gérer "chacune à titre individuel, en fonction de ses besoins et de ses ressources financières, la manière dont elles souhaitent se prémunir contre les risques systémiques tels que le risque de pandémie". Ces outils pourraient inclure la mise en place d’une provision spécifique ainsi que des produits de placements dédiés. Les assureurs auraient pour mission d’améliorer la diffusion de contrats en perte d’exploitations sans dommages auprès des entreprises qui le souhaitent.

Péril couvert : pandémie
Elément déclencheur : à déterminer selon les contrats mis sur le marché
Assise assurantielle : contrat de pertes d’exploitation sans dommage
Forme d’indemnisation : à déterminer selon les contrats mis sur le marché
Qui intervient : assureurs dans un schéma 100% privé

il revient désormais à Bruno Le Maire de lancer une consultation plus large prévue pour l’été 2020 avant un débat au Parlement envisagé à la fin de cette année 2020.

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